Amlodipine is a long-acting 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It decreases arterial smooth muscle contractility and subsequent vasoconstriction by inhibiting the influx of calcium ions through L-type calcium channels. Atenolol is a competitive beta(1)-selective adrenergic antagonist.

Amlodipine is a long-acting 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It decreases arterial smooth muscle contractility and subsequent vasoconstriction by inhibiting the influx of calcium ions through L-type calcium channels.

Atenolol is a competitive beta(1)-selective adrenergic antagonist.

Atorvastatin is a member of the drug class known as statins, is used for lowering cholesterol. It is a competitive inhibitor of hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, the rate-determining enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis via the mevalonate pathway. This results in a subsequent decrease in hepatic cholesterol levels. A decreased hepatic cholesterol level stimulates upregulation of hepatic LDL-C receptors which increases hepatic uptake of LDL-C and reduces serum LDL-C concentrations. Increased levels of HDL-C are associated with lower cardiovascular risk.

Captopril, an ACE inhibitor, antagonizes the effect of the RAAS-induced increase in blood pressure.

Enalapril, an ACE inhibitor, antagonizes the effect of the RAAS-induced increase in blood pressure.

Enalapril, an ACE inhibitor, antagonizes the effect of the RAAS-induced increase in blood pressure.

Furosemide, a loop diuretic, inhibits water reabsorption in the nephron by blocking the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter (NKCC2) in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle.

Losartan is the first of a class of antihypertensive agents called angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). Lowers blood pressure by antagonizing the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS); they compete with angiotensin II for binding to the type-1 angiotensin II receptor (AT1) subtype and prevents the blood pressure increasing effects of angiotensin II. Amlodipine is a long-acting 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It decreases arterial smooth muscle contractility and subsequent vasoconstriction by inhibiting the influx of calcium ions through L-type calcium channels.

Losartan is the first of a class of antihypertensive agents called angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). Lowers blood pressure by antagonizing the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS); they compete with angiotensin II for binding to the type-1 angiotensin II receptor (AT1) subtype and prevents the blood pressure increasing effects of angiotensin II. Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules.

Propranolol, the prototype of the beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists, is a competitive, nonselective beta-blocker. Propranolol competes with sympathomimetic neurotransmitters such as catecholamines for binding at beta(1)-adrenergic receptors in the heart, inhibiting sympathetic stimulation. This results in a reduction in resting heart rate, cardiac output, systolic anddiastolic blood pressure, and reflex orthostatic hypotension.

Rosuvastatin is a synthetic, enantiomerically pure antilipemic agent which is a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase. It belongs to a class of medications called statins and is used to reduce plasma cholesterol levels and prevent cardiovascular disease.

Rosuvastatin is a synthetic, enantiomerically pure antilipemic agent which is a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase. It belongs to a class of medications called statins and is used to reduce plasma cholesterol levels and prevent cardiovascular disease.